Causes of overuse injury plantar fasciitis
When people intend to start exercising more or set themselves a new athletic goal such as running a marathon or a triathlon, they often begin training with great enthusiasm. New shoes out of the box and full steam ahead, because the more you train, the faster you achieve your goal, right? When you don’t give your body enough time to recover or demand too much from your body within a short period, the risk of overuse injuries arises. In our field, we often encounter overuse symptoms, and it often involves plantar fasciitis.
Clients experience pain on the bottom of the foot and/or heel, with characteristic symptoms of tendinosis: pain during and especially after strenuous activities, morning pain, and stiffness. Pressure on the heel causes recognizable pain. This is caused by abnormal forces and tension on the plantar fascia, which is the ligament that connects the heel to the forefoot.
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The causes of plantar fasciitis are complex and can vary, but scientific research identifies different risk factors. Here are some of the key explanations:
- Overpronation and deviant gait pattern:
Explanation: Overpronation refers to the inward rolling motion of the foot during walking. People with flat feet often tend to overpronate. This can result in excessive tension on the plantar fascia, especially when pushing off the foot during walking.
Research: Research in the “Journal of Foot and Ankle Research” (2014) emphasizes the importance of gait pattern abnormalities, such as overpronation, in the development of plantar fasciitis. - Abnormal foot arch:
Explanation: Both a too high foot arch and flat feet can increase the load on the plantar fascia. A too high foot arch can overly tension the plantar fascia, while flat feet can cause the arch to collapse, stretching the fascia.
Research: Studies, including one published in “Arthritis Care & Research” (2011), highlight that certain foot structures, such as flat feet or a high foot arch, can increase the load on the plantar fascia and the risk of plantar fasciitis. - Shortened achilles tendon:
Explanation: A shortened Achilles tendon can keep the ankle in a constantly slightly downward tilted position. This results in an increase in tension on the plantar fascia, especially when walking and standing.
Research: An article in “Foot and Ankle International” (2012) emphasizes the relationship between a shortened Achilles tendon and the development of plantar fasciitis. - Overuse in sports activities:
Explanation: Repeated impact and strain during sports activities, especially in running or jumping, can cause microtrauma to the plantar fascia. Prolonged stress during activities such as walking or standing can lead to degeneration of the tendon and inflammation.
Research: A study published in the “Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery” (2003) suggests that plantar fasciitis is often associated with overloading and repeated microtrauma to the plantar fascia. - Weight gain and additional load:
Explanation: Overweight or significant weight gain can increase the strain on the plantar fascia. Extra body weight increases the load on foot structures, including the plantar fascia.
Research: A systematic review and meta-analysis published in “BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders” (2015) concludes that overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of developing plantar fasciitis. - Footwear:
Research: Studies, including one in “Foot and Ankle Specialist” (2014), suggest that inadequate footwear, such as shoes with insufficient cushioning or support, can be a risk factor for plantar fasciitis. - Age and gender:
Research: A study in “The American Journal of Sports Medicine” (2003) suggests that plantar fasciitis is more common in women and individuals between the ages of 40 and 60. Age and gender can also have an impact on the risk.
It is important to note that these biomechanical factors are often interconnected, and a combination of different factors can contribute to the development of plantar fasciitis. Furthermore, research in this field continues to evolve. A professional assessment by a doctor, physiotherapist, or podiatrist can help identify the specific biomechanical issues underlying your complaints and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Recognize these symptoms and seeking professional medical advice? Schedule an appointment with one of our specialists. We are here to help you.